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Wang Bi (Chinese: 王弼; 226–249[2]), courtesy name Fusi (Chinese: 輔嗣), was a Chinese philosopher and politician. During his brief career, he produced commentaries on the Tao Te Ching and I Ching which were highly influential in Chinese philosophy.[3][4]
Life and background
Wang Bi's grandfather Wang Kai (王凯) was a clansman of Wang Can, one of the Seven Scholars of Jian'an, while Wang Kai's wife was a daughter of the warlord Liu Biao.[5] After Wang Can's two sons were implicated in Wei Feng's rebellion in 219 and executed, Wang Bi's father Wang Ye was made Wang Can's heir;[6] Wang Ye also inherited Wang Can's library of about 10000 volumes (including books from Cai Yong's collection). Wang Bi served as a minor bureaucrat in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. He died from an epidemic at the age of 23.[7][8]
Wang Bi's most important works are commentaries on Laozi's Tao Te Ching and the I Ching. The text of the Tao Te Ching that appeared with his commentary was widely considered the best copy of this work until the discovery of the Han-era Mawangdui texts in 1973. He was a scholar of Xuanxue.
Writings
At least three works by Wang Bi are known: a commentary on Confucius' Analects, which survives only in quotations; commentaries on the I Ching and the Tao Te Ching, which not only have survived but have greatly influenced subsequent Chinese thought on those two classics.
His commentary on the I Ching has been translated into English by Richard John Lynn, The Classic of Changes (New York: Columbia University, 1994) ISBN 0-231-08295-9
Several translations into English have been made of his commentary of the Tao Te Ching:
- Ariane Rump, translator Commentary on the Lao Tzu by Wang Pi, Monographs of the Society for Asian and Comparative Philosophy, No. 6 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1979) ISBN 0-8248-0677-8
- Richard John Lynn, translator The Classic of the Way and Virtue; A New Translation of the Tao-te Ching of Laozi as Interpreted by Wang Bi (New York: Columbia University, 1999) ISBN 0-2311-0581-9
- Rudolf Wagner, translator. A Chinese Reading of the Daodejing: Wang Bi's Commentary on the Laozi with Critical Text and Translation (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003) ISBN 0-791-45182-8
The German philosopher Kai Marchal wrote a literary essay about his experience of reading Wang Bi in times of global upheaval.[9]
See also
References
- ^ Per a Bowu Ji annotation in vol.28 of Sanguozhi, Wang Zhangxu was a maternal grandson of Liu Biao and a clansman of Wang Can. Also, the Wang Ye who betrayed Cao Mao was from Wuling Commandery.
- ^ He Shao's (何劭) biography of Wang Bi, cited by Pei Songzhi in vol.28 of Sanguozhi, recorded that he died in the autumn of the 10th year of the Zhengshi era of Cao Fang's reign; that year has 13 months and a leap 9th month.
- ^ "Wang Bi". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ^ "Wang Bi". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
- ^ Bowu Ji annotation in Sanguozhi, vol.28
- ^ Wei Shi Chunqiu annotation in Sanguozhi, vol.28
- ^ Theobald, Ulrich. "Wang Bi 王弼 (www.chinaknowledge.de)". www.chinaknowledge.de. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
- ^ Wagner, Rudolf G. (2000-01-06). The Craft of a Chinese Commentator: Wang Bi on the Laozi. SUNY Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7914-4395-8.
- ^ https://www.matthes-seitz-berlin.de/buch/tritt-durch-die-wand-und-werde-der-du-nicht-bist.html?lid=1
Works cited
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
