傅抱石(1904年-1965年)出身貧苦, 父親傅聚和是修傘匠,在江西南昌街頭擺攤。
傅抱石少年時代曾為瓷器店學徒和補傘匠,受清朝山水畫家石濤的風格啟蒙,1921年考入江西第一師範學校。
徐悲鴻對出身貧寒靠自學成才的傅抱石極為欣賞,於是不辭辛苦地為傅抱石出國留學奔走,幾經周折,傅抱石於1933年末東渡日本留學。1935年學成回國後,徐悲鴻又介紹他到中央大學任教。
傅抱石的創作可分為三個階段:
第一階段未入蜀前,是認識古人、臨仿古人的階段。
第二階段為入蜀後。
1939至1947年間,傅抱石在川東,居於重慶西郊金剛坡下。蜀地山水,飛瀑深澗,激發起畫家的創作靈感。為後人津津樂道的「抱石皴」,便是在那一時期開始出現在傅氏畫作中。抱石皴講求大力塗擦,於橫揮豎掃間展現筆墨勁道以及山水氣勢,把勾斫和皴法糅為一體,喜用長鋒筆,筆頭、筆鋒、筆根並用,結合山形和山脈的分坡走向,自由揮灑,形成許多飛白,取得特殊的藝術效果。這些在《巴山夜雨》以及傅抱石其它雨景山水作品如《聽雨圖》和《萬竿煙雨》中, 均有呈現。
第三階段是1949年-1965年去世,是傅抱石山水畫技藝的再次變化、成熟完善的階段。
晚年的傅抱石自覺適應時代潮流,大膽革新,強化寫生,強調從生活中汲取藝術養分,完成了繪畫思想的轉變和風格樣式的革新,以卓越的成績令人矚目。諸如1960年兩萬三千里長途寫生、1961年東北寫生等寫生繪畫方式,成了他晚年八年生命歷程里的主要創作狀態,也成為了他晚年繪畫的最為重要的特色。
他的人物畫借古寄情,表現一些自己所崇敬的人物或藉以提倡高風亮節。他畫恆玄對藝術的珍愛,畫石濤之不屈,雲林之高潔,屈子之幽憤和國殘之悲壯等等,畫法簡古,多取自六朝如顧愷之等人的畫法。由於歷史人物本來距現實較遠,注入自我情感可較那些圍於寫生的一類山水畫更容易、更自由,也更少一些消極的干擾。
有兩個原因促使他開始兼攻人物畫,一是愛史成癖的他為了”研究中國畫上’線’的變化史” ,二是他”認為畫山水的人必須具備相當的人物技術。他說「我為了山水上的需要,所以也偶然畫畫人物”就是這偶然的創作,亦使他在人物畫領域占據了重要一席。因為對畫史的濃厚興趣,尤其是對東晉與六朝、明清之際這兩個時期的極為關注,使得他常常以這兩個時期的故事為題材,如《赤壁沽酒圖》、《東山逸致》、《蘭亭圖》等等。
傅抱石山水畫派自成一格,還善書法、篆刻。其篆書基於漢印,化入秦篆、兩周金文,典雅端穆。楷書、行書具晉唐風韻,謹嚴遒勁,方直險峻。
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